Mental health can shift throughout the year. You may feel energized after a positive life event, then notice your mood drop weeks later following stress or conflict. If changes in mood, motivation, or energy levels tend to follow a seasonal pattern — especially during colder, darker months — you may be experiencing seasonal affective disorder, often called SAD.

In the most recent version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), seasonal affective disorder is classified as major depressive disorder with a seasonal pattern. While the term “seasonal depression” is sometimes used outside of clinical settings, SAD refers to a specific pattern of depressive symptoms that recur during certain times of the year.

Seasonal affective disorder can affect daily functioning, productivity, and relationships for weeks or even months. The good news is that there are evidence-based treatments that can help manage symptoms. At Guidelight, care teams work with individuals to identify which treatment options may be the best fit for their needs.

4 seasonal affective disorder treatments

Major depressive disorder with a seasonal pattern affects about 5 percent of adults in the United States. Symptoms may be present for a significant portion of the year and are most common during fall and winter months. Reduced exposure to natural sunlight is thought to play a role by disrupting circadian rhythms and neurotransmitters involved in mood regulation, including melatonin and serotonin. Genetics and family history may also contribute.

Common symptoms of SAD include persistent sadness, low motivation, fatigue, oversleeping, and changes in appetite or weight.

If you notice seasonal changes in your mood, starting with a conversation with a primary care provider can be helpful. They may recommend evaluation by a mental health professional and suggest one or more of the following treatments:

Light therapy

One commonly recommended first-line treatment for SAD is bright light therapy. This approach involves using a light box that mimics natural sunlight during months when daylight exposure is limited.

Light boxes typically emit 10,000 lux and are used for about 30 minutes each morning. Regular use may help regulate circadian rhythms and support mood-related brain chemicals by signaling the body that it is daytime. 

Lifestyle changes

Adjusting daily routines may also help reduce seasonal depressive symptoms. Certain lifestyle changes can support mental, emotional, and physical well-being, especially during low-energy periods. Examples include:

• Practicing consistent self-care, such as setting boundaries
• Engaging in at least 150 minutes of moderate physical activity each week
• Making time for hobbies or creative outlets

These strategies can be useful throughout the year, not only during seasonal symptom flare-ups.

Therapy

Working with a therapist can be an effective way to address depressive symptoms related to SAD. Therapy provides space to explore thought patterns, emotional responses, and stressors that may intensify during certain seasons.

Evidence-based approaches can help individuals develop coping strategies for negative thoughts and emotions and build skills that remain helpful even as seasons change.

Medication

For some individuals, medication may be recommended when symptoms are moderate to severe or interfere with daily life. Antidepressants, namely bupropion XL, are commonly prescribed for depressive disorders and work by supporting neurotransmitters involved in mood regulation.

Medication is often most effective when combined with other treatments, such as therapy or light therapy, and should be monitored by a qualified medical professional.

Guidelight’s approach to seasonal affective disorder treatment

Even when depressive symptoms occur only during certain seasons, they can still feel overwhelming. Lifestyle changes and light therapy may be enough for some people, but others benefit from additional support. That’s where Guidelight can help.

Guidelight offers evidence-based care for depression, including seasonal affective disorder. For individuals who need more structured support, an Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP) or Partial Hospitalization Program (PHP) may be appropriate. These levels of care include individual and group therapy, along with medication management when needed.

Everyone has a seat at Guidelight. Contact our team online or call us today for more information about seasonal affective disorder treatments or to schedule an initial evaluation. We provide treatment across the country — and we’re always expanding. See if we offer care in your state, either online or at one of our local clinics.